India in Ann Arbor

What's for Dinner?

2010-05-17T22:50:00.059-04:00

Freshly cooked basmati rice, aromatic, fluffy and long grained. Masoor dal seasoned with cumin seeds, turmeric, fried red onions, green chillies and tomatoes. Potatoes, chopped finely and fried to a crispy golden brown. Posto (poppy seed sauce) slow cooked with potol (pointed gourd). Hilsa fish that melts in the mouth, delicately steamed in thick white mustard sauce. And to end, a little terracotta pot of mishti doi (sweet yogurt) with its lovely mellow brown richness. A home cooked traditional Bengali meal my soul craves, to say nothing of my taste buds. Sometimes I sit in my kitchen in Ann Arbor, smelling and tasting each of these in my mind, wistful that my mother is not here to make this meal for me, or that I am not at my parents' place in Kolkata to savor it.

So what is it about the taste and flavors of home cooked meals that is so vividly evocative? Is it childhood nostalgia? An innocence about life that gets captured in the simple, honest flavors and textures? Is it the daily human connection that forms its foundation - who cooked the meal, who we shared it with, the emotions that are expressed through it, the conversations surrounding it? Is it what we celebrate through a special meal? Perhaps the everyday predictability and comfort of its simplicity and unpretentiousness? A connection to the cycle of life through the changing seasonal foods?

One afternoon a couple of weeks ago I was at my friend Lakshmi Narayanan's home. I sat around in her kitchen, sipping the strawberry-mango smoothie she made for me, chatting and watching her cook Indian food. She is a wonderful cook who teaches Indian cooking at Hollander's in Ann Arbor, in addition to often having friends over for dinner at her home. Lakshmi also regularly offers cooking workshops as a way to raise funds for SPARSH. She is organized and methodical, following recipes faithfully and efficiently, quite unlike my own style of cooking Indian food - I rarely use recipes and even when I do, it is just to get a general idea. Which means that the result is less predictable and also an excellent reason for me to not teach Indian cooking!

Lakshmi started the preparation - chopping the red onions, garlic, green chillies, zucchini and tomatoes, grating ginger and marinating the chicken. On the menu was chicken tikka masala and daal with zucchini and tomatoes.

The spices, waiting to add zest to the onions, ginger and garlic frying in the pan for the chicken, and to the sauteeing zucchini and tomatoes for the daal.

The chicken is grilled for the tikka masala.

The fresh and fragrant cilantro is chopped for garnishing.

And finally the two scrumptious dishes - chicken tikka masala and daal with zucchini and tomatoes are ready, filling the kitchen with vibrant colors, textures and aromas. A wonderfully rich sensory experience!

Photographs by Sreyashi Dey, May 2010

India in Ann Arbor goes to Paris!

2010-05-10T12:34:00.027-04:00

Encountering India in unexpected corners of Paris...

Photographs by Sreyashi Dey, May 2010

Guest Post: That Place My Parents Come From

2010-04-22T10:23:00.013-04:00

Adhiraj Vable, a University of Michigan student, was one of the "Summer in South Asia" fellows of the Center for South Asian Studies in 2009. An Electrical Engineering major, he implemented a solar array to power a computer lab in a school in a village north of Bangalore. For this project he worked with community members to sustainably ensure that computer access is not limited during school hours due to electricity outages. This served as a pilot project of solar energy viability in rural southern India. I got to know Raj well in the last year and after he returned, we talked about the many aspects of his significant experiences in India. Here is a piece he wrote for this blog.

Growing up in the Upper Peninsula, I always thought of India as “that place my parents come from.” Our family was not very involved in the small Indian community in our area, and I didn’t feel any particular ties to my homeland – it was just that place that we’d go to every other summer. I would never have said I was proud to be an Indian, nor would I have said it embarrassed me; it just was one of many things I didn’t really understand, but didn’t feel any desire to explore.

Throughout my first few years in Ann Arbor, things pretty much stayed the same – I didn’t join any Indian centered student groups, and the Indians I was friends with were friends because of similar interests, not heritages. Again, my un-involvement in the Indian community was nothing fueled by resentment, it just wasn’t something that crossed my mind.

I think the tipping point in my interest in all things Indian came after my sophomore year of college, when I first read "Inward Revolution" by J. Krishnamurti. While both of my parents are spiritual people, our house is not a religious one and beyond a few visits to my friends’ churches, I never really dug into those thoughts. I first started reading Inward Revolution on the way to visit my grandparents’ house in Bangalore, and it was like wildfire in my mind. Everything I read completely gripped me, and I found many thoughts I thought were very personal being resonated in a book written over 50 years ago. Although Krishnamurti doesn’t advocate many things related to India, I very closely associate him with the country, because my grandfather is an avid reader of his works, and he is also Indian. Plus, the first time I read the book was while sitting on the steps of my grandparents’ house, so it was all tied together.

Two years later I began a project in my mother’s ancestral village that has grown into the focus of nearly all my time and effort. The project, Solar Power at Jnana Bodhini School, seeks to use solar power to drive a computer lab in the village’s school. The project was first supported by the Center for South Asian Studies here at UM, and it was through the CSAS that I was introduced to Ms. Sreyashi Dey.

When I went to the village to work on our project, one of the things I was keenly aware of was the spiritual atmosphere I was stepping into. Although I tried not to, I was definitely trying to “find myself” on my trip – in terms of cultural, family, and spirituality. I think that’s a pretty dangerous thing to do – to go looking for those types of connections – because I think genuine experiences are most authentic if they aren’t planned or expected. I knew I didn’t want to search for myself in going to India, and yet, part of me wanted to find that connection – my own inward revolution so I would understand the full depths of the things J. Krishnamurti described.

In my seven weeks there, I was surprised by how little that happened. I didn’t find myself rocked to the core or compelled to live like an ascetic. There was only one time when I was blown away by what I heard, and that was when I asked my grandfather (who meditates for eight hours everyday) about the relationship between science and god or whichever word you use to encapsulate the spiritual world. He said “Science points to god, and where science ends, god begins. But scientists will never find it with their instruments; god is too subtle.”

I chewed on that thought for a number of days following our conversation. And yet, I still didn’t find myself bowled over. I wanted to be, but when I was honest with myself, I wasn’t. I don’t know why. Maybe because I only get one chance at rapid spiritual development, or perhaps because the work we were doing at the school for the project was taking up most of my thoughts. Either way, for how much my grandfather’s sentence made me think, I was surprised at how little I found myself shook up.

However, while I didn’t gain much insight into my own spirituality, I did learn a lot about others’. Life in the village I was staying in was completely grounded in religion – the group of five guys I hung out with were extremely devout and never missed a trip to Temple; school was canceled because of religious functions; my grandmother lectured me on the prestige of our family temple, and the list goes on. The most complicated and pervasive example of religion was the caste system, a social hierarchical system that, as I understand it, says that you are born into a specific role in life. The caste system caused (and continues to cause) a lot of confusion for me, and I wrote about my impressions of it here: http://mblog.lib.umich.edu/~avable/archives/2009/07/first_impressio.html

It was very eye-opening to see a few of the results of having a highly religious and spiritual society. There were things I liked, and things I didn’t, but mostly things I didn’t fully understand. However, regardless of my opinion, the fact is that to do work in India is to do work in a religious environment. Developing an appreciation for that fact was important for my work in the village, and it’s interesting to note that developing an understanding of religion was beneficial to my work. It seems to me that everything is connected, and to talk about one aspect of society (i.e. religion) without thinking about the others is to miss the full picture. That’s an idea I’ve been working hard to remember, because it’s easy to slip into focusing on one thing without realizing that it is very influenced by externalities.

Right now, I’m 23 and gearing up for another trip to India this coming August. In preparing for the trip, I find myself asking the same questions as last time. How much will this trip change the way I view the world, myself, and myself in the world? Who will I be going in, and what will I be coming out? And how much will I even be able to gauge any amount of change? I don’t know what I’ll find, and chances are it won’t be what I thought. However, I know that to accomplish our work will require a deeper understanding of both my own beliefs, and of those of the villagers we are working with.

“To be yourself is very difficult, because you think that what you are is ignoble, and that if you could only change what you are into something noble it would be marvelous; but that never happens. Whereas, if you look at what you actually are and understand it, then in that very understanding there is a transformation. So freedom lies, not in trying to become something different, nor in following the authority of tradition, of your parents, of your guru, but in understanding what you are from moment to moment.” – J. Krishnamurti, from the book titled "Think on These Things"

Third grade girls reading at the Jnana Bodhini School. Photo: Raj Vable, 2009

Girls around the solar panel. Photo: Raj Vable, 2009

Afternoon Delight

2010-04-17T13:31:00.027-04:00

On a gorgeous warm and sunny afternoon this week, my car decided to act temperamental and refused to start, leaving me stranded on a busy street in the middle of the University of Michigan central campus. After much unsuccessful cajoling, I was forced to give up and called AAA for help. An hour of waiting, watching life go by around me and a jump start to the battery later, I was able to drive the car to my mechanic who told me that I would have to leave it with him overnight. He called a taxi to take me home.

As I got into the taxi and settled down on the backseat, I noticed that the driver, a caucasian man, had his long hair bunched up on the top of his head, not unlike the many Sikh taxi drivers in Delhi. I have childhood memories of seeing these men with their flowing hair, often relaxing on weekend mornings or afternoons on charpais at their taxi stands by the streets. My driver also had a beard, although not as luxurious as those one would see in Delhi. Having noted this somewhat interesting coincidence and a rather unusual choice of hairstyle in a white man, I had a passing thought about whether he may be a converted Sikh. But not wanting to ask, I let the thought go.

After a few minutes, my attention was drawn to him again because by now he was playing some music on the taxi's CD player. The music was very soft but I could still hear the continuous drone of a tanpura. Now I was really curious. Deciding that asking him about his music is potentially less offensive than asking him about his religious or cultural beliefs, I asked what he was listening to. He turned up the volume and I realized that it was Hindustani classical vocal music. Before I could register my surprise or say anything, he said that he would take a dollar off my cab fare if I could guess the musician! According to him, this was not an easy challenge because only one of his passengers has ever got it right. It made me wonder if giving quizzes to his passengers is how he entertains himself while driving around town. But still, wanting to be kind he gave me a hint that this was a young age recording of the musician and his current voice isn't like what it was on the recording. As if this was supposed to help me!

But now I was psyched. I felt that my honor was somehow at stake and I just had to get it right. Fortunately the pressure didn't have to last too long because within about 30 seconds I ventured a reasonably confident guess that it was Pandit Bhimsen Joshi. I was relieved to be right, perhaps more importantly because he is a musician whose music I deeply enjoy and respect.

We were both happy at this point and it provided the impetus for further conversation. I learned that my driver is a musician and has studied Indian classical vocal music with a teacher near Ann Arbor. I also learned that he is a Buddhist (and hence most likely not a Sikh as I had speculated). He practices Vajrayana Buddhism under a (caucasian male) lama in Ann Arbor. He has been studying Tibetan Buddhist scriptures for many years. He told me about a beautiful stupa, right in the middle of Ann Arbor.

I got home soon after. I stood at my doorstep - watching him drive away in the yellow cab and simply filled with joy at this unexpected encounter on a beautiful spring afternoon.

Sounds of the Subcontinent

2010-04-05T16:28:00.051-04:00

On a lazy Sunday afternoon, the airwaves emanating from the basement of the Student Activities Building on the University of Michigan central campus could very well be carrying the strains of afternoon ragas Patdip or Brindabani Sarang, the intricate sounds of a masterful tabla rela, Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan's qawali, world fusion sounds of Shakti, a catchy Rajasthani folk tune, or the foot-tapping rhythms of Bollywood music. In fact, this does indeed happen every Sunday, from 3-5pm. WCBN-88.3 FM, the University of Michigan's student-run community freeform radio station in Ann Arbor, has broadcast "Sounds of the Subcontinent" (SOS), a special South Asian music program, for the last 16 years.

WCBN started broadcasting in 1972 and by 1974, the community began to get actively involved. But it wasn't till 1994, that Sukumari Polavaram, a graduate student in French, took the initiative to start "Sounds of the Subcontinent," a South Asian specialty music program on WCBN. Various students have hosted the show over the years but since 1995 Richard Wallace has been involved on a consistent basis. Richard was a graduate student in Urban and Regional Planning when he started his association with this show, and since 2005 he has been the sole host.

The objective of SOS is simply to expose western audiences to the music of South Asia, along with providing some background on the music that is played. The vision has always been a pan-South Asian one, playing non-sectarian music, including music of the diaspora.

Old announcements

Over the years, the music played on this show has included a wide range of eclectic genres such as Hindustani and Carnatic classical raga music, Bollywood, Qawali, fusion, etc., both vocal and non-vocal. The repertoire has included for example, jazz by Alice Coltrane and trance rock by the British Indian group, the Cornershop. On occasion, guest musicians have been invited to the studios for live music and conversation, such as tabla artist Ray Spiegel. Some community members such as my friend Lakshmi Narayanan, have also guest co-hosted the show.

A part of the music collection at WCBN. Photo: Sreyashi Dey, 2010

Broadcasting at the moment at a relatively low power of 200 watts, the FCC has approved WCBN for 3,000 watts which would extend the range considerably in the next year or so. However, even within the limited broadcast area within Ann Arbor, SOS receives a fair amount of community involvement and feedback, with listeners calling in with requests.

Richard Wallace browsing through the vinyl record collection. Photo: Sreyashi Dey, 2010

I recently spent a Sunday afternoon at the WCBN studio, chatting with Richard Wallace. Reminiscing about the early days of the show, he had interesting stories about the unique personalities of the hosts and the vision they brought to the show. His own association with SOS has been long, and his passion and commitment to South Asian music is obvious. I asked Richard about how he chooses the music to play on any Sunday afternoon. He told me that he often goes through his own (vast) collection of music, browses through music shops regularly, looks through the music sent to the station by labels such as Peter Gabriel's Real World and other international labels such as the Italian Felmay/Duniya. He also goes through music websites and news sources, or someone may send him an email with an interesting suggestion. When I asked him to generalize about what his audiences like, Richard said, "In general, western audiences seem to prefer Indian/South Asian classical music, whereas South Asian audiences request more of the non-classical genres."

Richard recounted an interesting incident involving the well known T-series label from India. Being a non-commercial radio station, WCBN has the liberty to play music without worrying about licensing fees. But that did not prevent T-Series to call all the way from India to demand that they be paid licensing fees or WCBN stop playing their music!

Richard hosting the SOS show. Photo: Sreyashi Dey, 2010

On special occasions, SOS is planned around specific themes or event. Themed shows have been broadcast for India's 50th anniversary of independence, the passing away of well known musicians or the Cricket World Cup. During my visit to the station, I heard Philip Glass's opera Satyagraha on SOS, to mark the death anniversary of Martin Luther King, Jr.

A technicolor Ganesh on a felt cover protecting a record turntable at WCBN!

Photo: Sreyashi Dey, 2010

WCBN is warm, friendly, quaint and interesting. The people - students, staff and community members - quirky, diverse and fun. The music is an eclectic mixture of any type of music imaginable, from reggae and pop to punk rock and rap, in addition to the specialty shows playing music from around the world. "Sounds of the Subcontinent" is a unique representation of South Asian music in the Ann Arbor area, and I was delightfully surprised to come across Ganesh, the Hindu god of auspicious beginnings and the remover of obstacles, making sure that it continues to be so by protecting the vinyl record turntables and more!

Listen to the "Sounds of the Subcontinent" on 88.3FM every Sunday from 3-5pm.

Morning Sun

2010-03-27T10:31:00.040-04:00

Photo: Sreyashi Dey, 2010

Soft morning sun, echoing
the iron drums of bastar musicians
on raku colors of fire.

I woke up this morning to mellow March sunlight streaming in through the window, creating intriguing patterns of light and shadow on my favorite raku fired pottery. The three rustic musicians heralded my weekend morning. These stylized, slender and elongated brass figures are distinctive of the dhokra craft tradition of metal casting in the Bastar district of the southern part of Chhattisgarh in India. I acquired the raku pottery at the Ann Arbor Street Art Fair several years ago. Creations of two artists, so separated in time and space, now bathed together in the glow of early morning sun.

A few other dhokra pieces from my collection:

Elephant. Photo: Sreyashi Dey, 2010

Owl. Photo: Sreyashi Dey, 2010

Rickshaw Puller. Photo: Sreyashi Dey, 2010

Tea/Chai, Part II: Ann Arbor

2010-03-23T16:10:00.035-04:00

Tea and Chai have certainly journeyed well out of India and taken root in distant lands such as Ann Arbor, Michigan. But now we have globalization to blame for such redundancies as Chai Tea Latte - staple beverages at Starbucks, Espresso Royale or Borders, to say nothing of packaged products from say Oregon Chai, Chai concentrates and flavored Chai tea bags with spices mixed in.

In Hindi Chai means tea, so to say Chai Tea is redundant. We wouldn't want to say Tea Tea, would we? To add Latte to the mix is introducing another country and idea, leading to a confusion in terminology as well as concept and taste. But some of this mingling of influences is inevitable and in my opinion it is best to just observe and smile. After all, don't Indians in India savor the morphed taste of distinctly Indian/curried Chinese food? How about McAloo Tikki Burgers? Or Keema Do Pyaaza and Paneer Tikka topped Domino's pizza? So can we really complain about the worldwide proliferation of Chai Tea?

As we (happily) live with some of this confusion in taste and nomenclature, I want to mention TeaHaus, a wonderful haven for tea connoisseurs, right by the historic Kerrytown in Ann Arbor.

Tea Haus, 204 North 4th Avenue, Ann Arbor. Photo: Sreyashi Dey, 2010

On a cool, rainy morning a couple of weeks ago, I sat down with Lisa McDonald, the owner of TeaHaus for a cup of tea and conversation. Lisa opened her place in December 2007, when her second son was only 5 days old. Originally from Colorado, she met her husband, an Ann Arbor native, in Germany. Germany, the world's largest tea purchasing country (especially Darjeeling), is also where Lisa got introduced to the wonderful world of real tea. (As an interesting aside, Germany has the world's largest Ayurvedic centers.) When one of the shops there offered a tea sommelier course, Lisa signed up, thinking of it as a fun hobby. But back in Ann Arbor some years later, she missed good tea and bread. But being sure that she didn't want to wake up at 3am every morning to bake, her other option was to open a tea shop of her own. Nine months of planning and TeaHaus was ready to open.

Lisa McDonald in conversation. Photo: Sreyashi Dey, 2010

TeaHaus carries around 200 classic black and green, Oolong, white, herbal, Ayurvedic, fruit, aroma, Rooibus and seasonal teas. "I feel that although it is in its infancy now, in about ten years time, the US will become competitive in the world tea market," says Lisa. She gets all her tea supplies from Germany where they are rigorously tested before sales.

The impressive stock of loose leaf tea at TeaHaus. Photo: Sreyashi Dey, 2010

I talked to Lisa specifically about tea from India. Almost a third of all the tea she carries is from India, while the rest are Japanese and Chinese teas. The wonderful range of her Indian tea includes Darjeeling, Assam, Ceylon, Sikkim and Nilgiris, as well as Ayurvedic, blends and flavored teas. All of this tea is purchased directly in the tea gardens and not in commodities markets in larger Indian cities such as Kolkata. She mentioned that some of these tea plants are very, very old...I imagined them as age-ripened old men and women, mellow and rich with experience, with many stories to tell, surviving the ravages of time but continuing to thrive.

India is known for its fully oxidized black tea. But tea growers in India are cognizant of the world trends toward green and white teas. As a result, there is now a green Darjeeling, a Nilgiri Jasmine (dark green) and a South Indian white tea. Although deeply rooted in traditional tea culture, India is now more innovative and marketing savvy, making itself competitive in the world tea market.

I asked Lisa about her customer base. Characterizing her customers in general, Lisa says, "Most of my customers are foodies, wine drinkers and connoisseurs of specialty items in general." However, her typical customer comes in with only enough information to ask for either black or green tea. At that point, Lisa or Andrew who works at TeaHaus full time, makes suggestions. The number one bestseller is Earl Grey, followed by Indian Chai which can be in two forms - one with the masala or spices already blended in with the tea and the other where the masala is added separately. More Indians come to her shop now and they are a little more discerning than the average customer. I found it very interesting that she has noticed that for some Indians, walking into her shop and discovering this world of tea from India is a moment of regaining pride in the old country. As I had mentioned in my last post, many Indians are not very aware of the finer distinctions between the different varieties of tea, so it takes a tea shop in Ann Arbor to open this world for some! All power to globalization!

Andrew at TeaHaus. Photo: Sreyashi Dey, 2010

I was gratified to learn that TeaHaus is doing very well business wise, which means that it will be around for those of us that crave access to good tea locally. And with a wide variety of tea accessories that the shop carries and periodic tea-tasting events, it is quite a full experience.

Tea/Chai, Part I: India

2010-03-13T23:52:00.066-05:00

Not unlike many in India and all over the world, my day cannot begin without a bit of Darjeeling. The highlight of my morning is brewing my cup of tea from leaves grown on the tea estates on the lush green hills of Darjeeling in the northern part of Bengal. The steaming golden liquor with its distinctive delicate flavor beckons every morning and then draws me into its invigorating and comforting warmth. It is my daily ritual, yet every morning I wait to discover what the flavor will be because it is always a little different, unique each time. I also love to cycle through the choices I have, based on the season when the leaves were plucked. What will it be today? The light and clear liquor with the mild flavor of the First Flush? The amber cup with the fruity muscatel flavor of the Second Flush? Perhaps the stronger flavor of the Monsoon Flush? Or the coppery tinge and delicate flavor of Autumn Flush?

Darjeeling Second Flush leaves for this morning's cup. Photo: Sreyashi Dey, 2010

A part of my collection of teapots. Photo: Sreyashi Dey, 2010

The history of tea cultivation in India dates back to 1823 when Robert Bruce discovered tea plants growing wild in Upper Brahmaputra valley in the state of Assam in northeastern India. My father-in-law, who lived in that region for almost two decades, recently commented that the first tea garden in India, called "chabua" (or cha/tea planted) was started in 1831 and is about 25 miles east of Dibrugarh on the main trunk road to Tinsukia, and that it should be producing tea even now. In May 1838 the first Indian tea from Assam was sent to England for public sale. India produces several different varieties of mainly black tea. Darjeeling is a beautiful town nestled in the foothills of the Himalayas. With its cool and moist climate, rainfall patterns and terrain, it is a premier tea growing region of the world. The fine and delicately flavored tea from its famed gardens is exquisite and distinguished, enjoying a place of pride similar to champagne among wines. The Assam region, the land of the great river Brahmaputra, tigers and the one-horned rhino, is home to rich, full-bodied, bright and strong teas. The Nilgiris or the Blue Mountains of southern India produces some wonderfully fragrant teas, with great body and brisk liquor.

Temi tea from Sikkim, similar to Darjeeling First Flush. Photo: Sreyashi Dey, 2010

While it would not be accurate to say that all tea drinkers in India are connoisseurs, or even know the differences between a Darjeeling or an Assam tea, it is no less than a lifeline for millions. Tea or chai is an ubiquitous drink for Indians, available on street corners, on trains, roadside eating joints and in people's homes. What people commonly drink in all these places when they are outside the home or traveling is a concoction made out of some kind of tea leaves, granules or powder, and boiled in water with milk and sugar. Thick and syrupy, it may occasionally have an added flavor of freshly grated ginger or spices such as cardamom, although the relatively high price of spices often precludes its use on street corners or in roadside eateries called dhabas.

On a cool February morning, the chai-wallah at the street corner of my parents' home in Kolkata makes tea for her customers. Photo: Sreyashi Dey, 2008

Train travel in India and tea have an intimate connection. Tea sellers or chai-wallahs abound the railway platforms and the trains, including moving ones. They carry their wares in a metal pail - a large tea kettle with steaming hot chai and a stack of tea cups, either made of clay or more commonly, plastic in this day and age. They are not shy about getting business, enticing travelers to drink their tea with their characteristic "chai garam!" call which means "hot tea!" They can often be seen running alongside a moving train and thrusting the little cups of tea in the hands of the train passengers through the windows. They still manage to get the paid somehow, even if it means collecting the coins the passenger would fling on the floor of the platform in return for a hot cup of tea...almost an unwritten code of honor between the tea seller and the customer.

A tea cup on the window of a train moving through rural West Bengal.

Still capture from my friend Sandeep Ray's wonderful film "The Earnest Years"

In 2007, my friend Charlee Brodsky, a distinguished photographer and a professor of Photography at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, made a trip to India with me. One of the things she was particularly struck by was the little clay teacups used by street vendors to serve tea in. These eco-friendly cups are beautiful to look at and add a special earthy flavor to the tea. Charlee was quite taken by them and was determined to bring some back home with her. She asked a tea vendor to sell her some of these cups (without the tea) and he was quite heartily amused at this unusual request! Later that day, she happened to find a naturally beautiful composition of three clay teacups on the ground, among leaves, twigs and stones, now filled with rainwater. Here is her photograph of it and it is one of my favorites.

Photo: Charlee Brodsky, 2007

I can just smell the tea these little cups once held, the damp earth after the rains and the lovely fragrance of the wet clay cups!

Fossil Snake from India Fed on Hatchling Dinosaurs

2010-03-02T11:53:00.023-05:00

An exciting discovery, just announced at the University of Michigan! This story is about a snake that was found in 67 million old rocks in Gujarat. It was preserved in a dinosaur nest with hatchlings, and it is thought to have fed on baby dinosaurs. Jeffrey A. Wilson, Assistant Professor in the Department of Geological Sciences and Assistant Curator, Museum of Paleontology at the University of Michigan headed this project.

Press Release from the University of Michigan:
ANN ARBOR, Mich.---The remains of an extraordinary fossil unearthed in 67 million-year old sediments from Gujarat, western India provide a rare glimpse at an unusual feeding behavior in ancient snakes. An international paleontological team led by the University of Michigan’s Jeff Wilson and the Geological Survey of India’s Dhananjay Mohabey will publish their discovery online March 2 in the open-access journal PLoS Biology.

The remains of a nearly complete snake were found preserved in the nest of a sauropod dinosaur, adults of which are the largest animals known to have walked the earth. The snake was coiled around a recently-hatched egg adjacent to a hatchling sauropod.

Snake Dinosaur Fossil: Life-sized reconstruction of the moment just before preservation.

Sculpture by Tyler Keilor. Photo: Ximena Erickson

Remains of other snake individuals associated with egg clutches at the same site indicate that the newly described snake made its living feeding on young dinosaurs. "It was such a thrill to discover such a portentous moment frozen in time," said Mohabey, who made the initial discovery in the early 1980s.

Working with the sediment-covered and inscrutable specimen in 1987, Mohabey recognized dinosaur eggshell and limb bones but was unable to fully interpret the specimen. In 2001, Wilson visited Mohabey at his office at the Geological Survey of India and was astonished when he examined the specimen. "I saw the characteristic vertebral locking mechanism of snakes alongside dinosaur eggshell and larger bones, and I knew it was an extraordinary specimen---but I also knew we needed to develop it further," Wilson said.

Jeff Wilson records the location of exposed snake fossils just in front of his knee

Photo: Monica Wilson

From that point began a decade-long odyssey that led to a formal agreement with the Government of India Ministry of Mines in 2004 that allowed preparation and study of the fossil at the University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology, weeks of museum study in India, and field reconnaissance at the original locality in Gujarat by a team that included Wilson, Mohabey, snake expert Jason Head of the University of Toronto, Mississaugua, and geologist Shanan Peters of the University of Wisconsin. The field research was funded by the National Geographic Society.

Geological Research: Jeff Wilson and Dhananjay Mohabey take a break on a charpai and discuss their interpretations of the sauropod nesting ground. Photo: Monica Wilson

Preparation of the fossil at the University of Michigan revealed the snake was coiled around a crushed dinosaur egg. next to a freshly hatched sauropod dinosaur. "We think that the hatchling had just exited its egg, and that activity attracted the snake," explained Mohabey. "The eggs were lain in the loose sands near a small drainage and covered by a thin layer of sediment." The arrangement of the bones and delicate structures, such as eggshells and the snake's skull, point to quick entombment.

Sauropod Eggs: Field Assistant Rathore carries two Sauropod eggs. Photo: Monica Wilson

"Sedimentation was unusually rapid and deep for this formation---a pulse of sand, probably mobilized during a storm, resulted in the preservation of this spectacular association," said Peters, who interpreted the paleoenvironment of the site.

Geological Research: Geologist Shanan Peters and Dhananjay Mohabey discuss the conditions that led to preservation of the snake dinosaur fossil. Photo: Monica Wilson

The new snake, which was named Sanajeh indicus or "ancient-gaped one from the Indian subcontinent," because of its lizard-like gape, adds critical information that helps resolve the early diversification of snakes. Modern large-mouthed snakes are able to eat large prey because they have mobile skulls and wide gapes. Sanajeh bears only some of the traits of modern large-mouthed snakes and provides insight into how they evolved.

"Sanajeh was capable of ingesting the half meter-long sauropod hatchling because it was quite large itself, almost 3.5 meters long,"noted Jason Head. "This points to an interesting evolutionary strategy for primitive snakes to eat large prey by increasing their body size." Although the sauropod dinosaurs that Sanajeh preyed upon include the largest animals capable of walking on land, they began their life as small hatchlings that were about one-seventh the length of Sanajeh. Sauropods appear to have achieved their enormous size by virtue of a fast-growth phase, which would have got them out of danger from Sanajeh-sized predators by the end of their first year of life.

This discovery of Sanajeh adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting that the Indian subcontinent retained ties to southern landmasses for longer than once hypothesized. Sanajeh’s closest relatives are from Australia and speak to its strong ties to southern continents, collectively known as Gondwana.

A life-size flesh reconstruction of the scene immediately before burial was designed and executed by University of Chicago paleoartist Tyler Keillor. The team will donate the first cast to the Geological Survey of India at a formal function to be held in Mumbai, India on March 12, 2010.

Summer in South Asia - a unique program for students to experience India

2010-03-01T11:20:00.023-05:00

Photo: Lainie Kokas, 2008

The Center for South Asian Studies at the University of Michigan offers a special opportunity to undergraduate students to chart their own course in India every summer. A generous endowed gift to the center by an anonymous donor has made it possible for 6-7 undergraduate students to design their own projects and travel to India on a fellowship annually. The fellowship program, called Summer in South Asia, is meant for students who have not had prior exposure to India. The idea is for the students to go with an open mind and a sense of discovery. The hope is that through their immersive experiences, they will come back with a new vision and understanding about another part of the world, thus making them more informed, sensitive and experienced world citizens, apart from significant personal growth.

Some student comments:
"It was indeed a life changing experience, and one that I will never forget...I hope that you realize what a difference you've made in all of our lives."
"At times it was challenging but upon reflection I realize that all of the challenges were as educational as the research I did and the projects I worked on."
"I certainly miss India and all of the amazing people I had the privilege of working with, and I intend to return someday soon!"

Photo: Lainie Kokas, 2008

The program encourages a strong service component and the students are urged to think about how they can make a difference to the organizations or people they will work with. At the same time, the work is connected to what the students are studying at UM, thus offering tremendous potential for experiential learning. The program is unique because it offers flexibility to the students to customize their projects to their interests, skills and passion, and to that extent it is completely driven by the students themselves who do all the preparatory work such as conceptualizing the projects, contacting the NGOs in India to work with, setting up the logistics and all travel arrangements, and finally reporting on their work in a symposium in the Fall.

The best projects receive funding to cover all the costs. Though primarily student-driven by design, the Center does assist the students in thinking through their ideas, making some contacts with organizations in India, communication with people in India and also preparing for the trip by providing information on what to expect culturally, health and safety tips, etc. Often, faculty members associated with the Center provide guidance to students as they conceptualize their projects. The Center stays in touch with the organizations that the students work at and collects their feedback in order to evaluate the usefulness of the students' work.

Photo: Caleb Heyman, 2009

Now in its fifth year, this program has been extremely successful in providing the students with valuable, life-changing experiences. This program not only complements the students' academic course of study but also provides them with insights about a very different region of the world in a hands-on manner. Students almost always come back with fabulous experiences, exciting stories of initial difficulties but eventually making meaningful connections with the people they work with, and a sense of having experienced something significant. Many times, this experience proves to be the initial spark that leads to a lifelong connection with India and many go back in the future to work there or pursue their interest academically.

Photo: Rory Crook, 2009

Over the years, the projects have spanned a wide range both in terms of the geographical location and the nature of the projects. More than 140 students have applied to this program and between 2006 and 2009, 24 students have completed their work in India on this fellowship. The students have majored in Anthropology, Political Science, Sociology, Nursing, History, Ecology and Environmental Biology, Biomedical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Economics, Kinesiology, Business Administration, etc., with an equally wide range of project topics.

In the next few weeks, I plan to feature a few of the interesting and meaningful projects on this blog. Please come back and read about them!

PATHER PANCHALI at the Michigan Theater

2010-02-24T21:55:00.012-05:00

The Michigan Theater is presenting a World Cinema film series this year, featuring all-time classic movies from across the globe. Next week's feature is PATHER PANCHALI. The date is Monday, March 1 at 7:00 pm. This is a rare opportunity to see it on the big screen, in a period environment.

(India – 1955) The first movie from independent India to attract major international critical attention, Pather Panchali won "Best Human Document" at the 1956 Cannes Film Festival, establishing Satyajit Ray as a major international filmmaker. Sometime in the early years of the century, a boy, Apu, is born to a poor Brahmin family in a village in Bengal. The father, a poet and priest, cannot earn enough to keep his family going. Apu's sister, Durga, is forever stealing guavas from the neighbour's orchards. All these add to the daily struggles of the mother's life, notwithstanding her constant bickering with old aunt who lives with the family. Bengali with subtitles. 122 minutes.

A new blog

2010-02-24T14:01:00.007-05:00

India in Ann Arbor is a new blog about the many Indian influences in Ann Arbor - food, performing and visual arts, film, literature, people, business, fashion, handicrafts, yoga, meditation, Bollywood, and perhaps many others. I expect to write about how these influences from India flourish and shape the vibrant Ann Arbor community. I am not imagining it as yet another blog with restaurant, film or book reviews. I would like to write about the people who are connected to India in different ways - their lives and stories, the different ways in which elements of Indian culture and traditions interface with those of the local community, the history of the Indian community in Ann Arbor, the role that the University of Michigan plays in highlighting India in the community, etc. I plan to post interesting interviews with local people and insightful pieces written by invited guests. In keeping with my personal interest in photography, I also hope to include relevant photographs with the posts.

My hope is that this blog will not only provide interesting reading but will also be a resource for the community. I look forward to hearing from you through your comments and views!